Besides Python, which language is used for data analysis and visualization?

• A. R
• B. MATLAB
• C. C++
• D. Fortran

Answer: (A)

R is designed specifically for statistics and data visualization, making it the natural choice for data analysis tasks besides Python. It offers a vast ecosystem of packages like ggplot2 for creating high-quality graphics, dplyr for data manipulation, and tidyr for tidying data, which together streamline moving from raw data to insights. This focus on statistical analysis and visualization, along with being open source and widely used in research and industry, gives R a strong edge for data-centric work. MATLAB can handle analysis and plotting too, but it’s primarily a licensed tool with a different emphasis on numerical engineering tasks. C++ and Fortran are general-purpose languages centered on performance and system tasks, not on the typical data-analysis workflows and visualization libraries that researchers rely on.